[
    {
        "description": "root pointer ref",
        "schema": {
            "properties": {
                "foo": {"$ref": "#"}
            },
            "additionalProperties": false
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "match",
                "data": {"foo": false},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "recursive match",
                "data": {"foo": {"foo": false}},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "mismatch",
                "data": {"bar": false},
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "recursive mismatch",
                "data": {"foo": {"bar": false}},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "relative pointer ref to object",
        "schema": {
            "properties": {
                "foo": {"type": "integer"},
                "bar": {"$ref": "#/properties/foo"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "match",
                "data": {"bar": 3},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "mismatch",
                "data": {"bar": true},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "relative pointer ref to array",
        "schema": {
            "items": [
                {"type": "integer"},
                {"$ref": "#/items/0"}
            ]
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "match array",
                "data": [1, 2],
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "mismatch array",
                "data": [1, "foo"],
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "escaped pointer ref",
        "schema": {
            "definitions": {
                "tilde~field": {"type": "integer"},
                "slash/field": {"type": "integer"},
                "percent%field": {"type": "integer"}
            },
            "properties": {
                "tilde": {"$ref": "#/definitions/tilde~0field"},
                "slash": {"$ref": "#/definitions/slash~1field"},
                "percent": {"$ref": "#/definitions/percent%25field"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "slash invalid",
                "data": {"slash": "aoeu"},
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "tilde invalid",
                "data": {"tilde": "aoeu"},
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "percent invalid",
                "data": {"percent": "aoeu"},
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "slash valid",
                "data": {"slash": 123},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "tilde valid",
                "data": {"tilde": 123},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "percent valid",
                "data": {"percent": 123},
                "valid": true
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "nested refs",
        "schema": {
            "definitions": {
                "a": {"type": "integer"},
                "b": {"$ref": "#/definitions/a"},
                "c": {"$ref": "#/definitions/b"}
            },
            "allOf": [{ "$ref": "#/definitions/c" }]
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "nested ref valid",
                "data": 5,
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "nested ref invalid",
                "data": "a",
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "ref overrides any sibling keywords",
        "schema": {
            "definitions": {
                "reffed": {
                    "type": "array"
                }
            },
            "properties": {
                "foo": {
                    "$ref": "#/definitions/reffed",
                    "maxItems": 2
                }
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "ref valid",
                "data": { "foo": [] },
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "ref valid, maxItems ignored",
                "data": { "foo": [ 1, 2, 3] },
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "ref invalid",
                "data": { "foo": "string" },
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "$ref prevents a sibling $id from changing the base uri",
        "schema": {
            "$id": "http://localhost:1234/sibling_id/base/",
            "definitions": {
                "foo": {
                    "$id": "http://localhost:1234/sibling_id/foo.json",
                    "type": "string"
                },
                "base_foo": {
                    "$comment": "this canonical uri is http://localhost:1234/sibling_id/base/foo.json",
                    "$id": "foo.json",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            },
            "allOf": [
                {
                    "$comment": "$ref resolves to http://localhost:1234/sibling_id/base/foo.json, not http://localhost:1234/sibling_id/foo.json",
                    "$id": "http://localhost:1234/sibling_id/",
                    "$ref": "foo.json"
                }
            ]
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "$ref resolves to /definitions/base_foo, data does not validate",
                "data": "a",
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "$ref resolves to /definitions/base_foo, data validates",
                "data": 1,
                "valid": true
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "remote ref, containing refs itself",
        "schema": {"$ref": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"},
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "remote ref valid",
                "data": {"minLength": 1},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "remote ref invalid",
                "data": {"minLength": -1},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "property named $ref that is not a reference",
        "schema": {
            "properties": {
                "$ref": {"type": "string"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "property named $ref valid",
                "data": {"$ref": "a"},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "property named $ref invalid",
                "data": {"$ref": 2},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "property named $ref, containing an actual $ref",
        "schema": {
            "properties": {
                "$ref": {"$ref": "#/definitions/is-string"}
            },
            "definitions": {
                "is-string": {
                    "type": "string"
                }
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "property named $ref valid",
                "data": {"$ref": "a"},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "property named $ref invalid",
                "data": {"$ref": 2},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "$ref to boolean schema true",
        "schema": {
            "allOf": [{ "$ref": "#/definitions/bool" }],
            "definitions": {
                "bool": true
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "any value is valid",
                "data": "foo",
                "valid": true
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "$ref to boolean schema false",
        "schema": {
            "allOf": [{ "$ref": "#/definitions/bool" }],
            "definitions": {
                "bool": false
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "any value is invalid",
                "data": "foo",
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "Recursive references between schemas",
        "schema": {
            "$id": "http://localhost:1234/tree",
            "description": "tree of nodes",
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
                "meta": {"type": "string"},
                "nodes": {
                    "type": "array",
                    "items": {"$ref": "node"}
                }
            },
            "required": ["meta", "nodes"],
            "definitions": {
                "node": {
                    "$id": "http://localhost:1234/node",
                    "description": "node",
                    "type": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "value": {"type": "number"},
                        "subtree": {"$ref": "tree"}
                    },
                    "required": ["value"]
                }
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "valid tree",
                "data": { 
                    "meta": "root",
                    "nodes": [
                        {
                            "value": 1,
                            "subtree": {
                                "meta": "child",
                                "nodes": [
                                    {"value": 1.1},
                                    {"value": 1.2}
                                ]
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "value": 2,
                            "subtree": {
                                "meta": "child",
                                "nodes": [
                                    {"value": 2.1},
                                    {"value": 2.2}
                                ]
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "invalid tree",
                "data": { 
                    "meta": "root",
                    "nodes": [
                        {
                            "value": 1,
                            "subtree": {
                                "meta": "child",
                                "nodes": [
                                    {"value": "string is invalid"},
                                    {"value": 1.2}
                                ]
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "value": 2,
                            "subtree": {
                                "meta": "child",
                                "nodes": [
                                    {"value": 2.1},
                                    {"value": 2.2}
                                ]
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "refs with quote",
        "schema": {
            "properties": {
                "foo\"bar": {"$ref": "#/definitions/foo%22bar"}
            },
            "definitions": {
                "foo\"bar": {"type": "number"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "object with numbers is valid",
                "data": {
                    "foo\"bar": 1
                },
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "object with strings is invalid",
                "data": {
                    "foo\"bar": "1"
                },
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "Location-independent identifier",
        "schema": {
            "allOf": [{
                "$ref": "#foo"
            }],
            "definitions": {
                "A": {
                    "$id": "#foo",
                    "type": "integer"
                }
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "data": 1,
                "description": "match",
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "data": "a",
                "description": "mismatch",
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "Location-independent identifier with base URI change in subschema",
        "schema": {
            "$id": "http://localhost:1234/root",
            "allOf": [{
                "$ref": "http://localhost:1234/nested.json#foo"
            }],
            "definitions": {
                "A": {
                    "$id": "nested.json",
                    "definitions": {
                        "B": {
                            "$id": "#foo",
                            "type": "integer"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "data": 1,
                "description": "match",
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "data": "a",
                "description": "mismatch",
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "naive replacement of $ref with its destination is not correct",
        "schema": {
            "definitions": {
                "a_string": { "type": "string" }
            },
            "enum": [
                { "$ref": "#/definitions/a_string" }
            ]
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "do not evaluate the $ref inside the enum, matching any string",
                "data": "this is a string",
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "do not evaluate the $ref inside the enum, definition exact match",
                "data": { "type": "string" },
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "match the enum exactly",
                "data": { "$ref": "#/definitions/a_string" },
                "valid": true
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "refs with relative uris and defs",
        "schema": {
            "$id": "http://example.com/schema-relative-uri-defs1.json",
            "properties": {
                "foo": {
                    "$id": "schema-relative-uri-defs2.json",
                    "definitions": {
                        "inner": {
                            "properties": {
                                "bar": { "type": "string" }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    "allOf": [ { "$ref": "#/definitions/inner" } ]
                }
            },
            "allOf": [ { "$ref": "schema-relative-uri-defs2.json" } ]
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "invalid on inner field",
                "data": {
                    "foo": {
                        "bar": 1
                    },
                    "bar": "a"
                },
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "invalid on outer field",
                "data": {
                    "foo": {
                        "bar": "a"
                    },
                    "bar": 1
                },
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "valid on both fields",
                "data": {
                    "foo": {
                        "bar": "a"
                    },
                    "bar": "a"
                },
                "valid": true
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "relative refs with absolute uris and defs",
        "schema": {
            "$id": "http://example.com/schema-refs-absolute-uris-defs1.json",
            "properties": {
                "foo": {
                    "$id": "http://example.com/schema-refs-absolute-uris-defs2.json",
                    "definitions": {
                        "inner": {
                            "properties": {
                                "bar": { "type": "string" }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    "allOf": [ { "$ref": "#/definitions/inner" } ]
                }
            },
            "allOf": [ { "$ref": "schema-refs-absolute-uris-defs2.json" } ]
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "invalid on inner field",
                "data": {
                    "foo": {
                        "bar": 1
                    },
                    "bar": "a"
                },
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "invalid on outer field",
                "data": {
                    "foo": {
                        "bar": "a"
                    },
                    "bar": 1
                },
                "valid": false
            },
            {
                "description": "valid on both fields",
                "data": {
                    "foo": {
                        "bar": "a"
                    },
                    "bar": "a"
                },
                "valid": true
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "$id must be resolved against nearest parent, not just immediate parent",
        "schema": {
            "$id": "http://example.com/a.json",
            "definitions": {
                "x": {
                    "$id": "http://example.com/b/c.json",
                    "not": {
                        "definitions": {
                            "y": {
                                "$id": "d.json",
                                "type": "number"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            },
            "allOf": [
                {
                    "$ref": "http://example.com/b/d.json"
                }
            ]
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "number is valid",
                "data": 1,
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "non-number is invalid",
                "data": "a",
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "simple URN base URI with $ref via the URN",
        "schema": {
            "$comment": "URIs do not have to have HTTP(s) schemes",
            "$id": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1234-ffff-ffff-4321feebdaed",
            "minimum": 30,
            "properties": {
                "foo": {"$ref": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1234-ffff-ffff-4321feebdaed"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "valid under the URN IDed schema",
                "data": {"foo": 37},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "invalid under the URN IDed schema",
                "data": {"foo": 12},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "simple URN base URI with JSON pointer",
        "schema": {
            "$comment": "URIs do not have to have HTTP(s) schemes",
            "$id": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1234-00ff-ff00-4321feebdaed",
            "properties": {
                "foo": {"$ref": "#/definitions/bar"}
            },
            "definitions": {
                "bar": {"type": "string"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "a string is valid",
                "data": {"foo": "bar"},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "a non-string is invalid",
                "data": {"foo": 12},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "URN base URI with NSS",
        "schema": {
            "$comment": "RFC 8141 §2.2",
            "$id": "urn:example:1/406/47452/2",
            "properties": {
                "foo": {"$ref": "#/definitions/bar"}
            },
            "definitions": {
                "bar": {"type": "string"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "a string is valid",
                "data": {"foo": "bar"},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "a non-string is invalid",
                "data": {"foo": 12},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "URN base URI with r-component",
        "schema": {
            "$comment": "RFC 8141 §2.3.1",
            "$id": "urn:example:foo-bar-baz-qux?+CCResolve:cc=uk",
            "properties": {
                "foo": {"$ref": "#/definitions/bar"}
            },
            "definitions": {
                "bar": {"type": "string"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "a string is valid",
                "data": {"foo": "bar"},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "a non-string is invalid",
                "data": {"foo": 12},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "URN base URI with q-component",
        "schema": {
            "$comment": "RFC 8141 §2.3.2",
            "$id": "urn:example:weather?=op=map&lat=39.56&lon=-104.85&datetime=1969-07-21T02:56:15Z",
            "properties": {
                "foo": {"$ref": "#/definitions/bar"}
            },
            "definitions": {
                "bar": {"type": "string"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "a string is valid",
                "data": {"foo": "bar"},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "a non-string is invalid",
                "data": {"foo": 12},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "URN base URI with URN and JSON pointer ref",
        "schema": {
            "$id": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1234-0000-0000-4321feebdaed",
            "properties": {
                "foo": {"$ref": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1234-0000-0000-4321feebdaed#/definitions/bar"}
            },
            "definitions": {
                "bar": {"type": "string"}
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "a string is valid",
                "data": {"foo": "bar"},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "a non-string is invalid",
                "data": {"foo": 12},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "description": "URN base URI with URN and anchor ref",
        "schema": {
            "$id": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1234-ff00-00ff-4321feebdaed",
            "properties": {
                "foo": {"$ref": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1234-ff00-00ff-4321feebdaed#something"}
            },
            "definitions": {
                "bar": {
                    "$id": "#something",
                    "type": "string"
                }
            }
        },
        "tests": [
            {
                "description": "a string is valid",
                "data": {"foo": "bar"},
                "valid": true
            },
            {
                "description": "a non-string is invalid",
                "data": {"foo": 12},
                "valid": false
            }
        ]
    }
]