1. Doppler effect causes the wavelength of energy emitted from an object moving away from the observer to appear ______________ than when it left the source.
2. The spectra of objects moving toward us are _________ shifted.
3. Besides Doppler effect, another cause of spectral red shifting is the pull of _______________ on radiation traveling away from a massive source.
4. The spectra from quasars are quite red shifted, indicating that these objects are moving _________________ from us.
5. The warping of space around massive objects accounts for the effect of ________________ lensing.
6. It is generally accepted that apparently superluminal velocities that have been observed are due to a ___________________ effect.
1. longer 2. blue 3. gravity 4. away 5. gravitational 6. projection
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